Nu metal
| Nu metal | |
|---|---|
| Stylistic origins | Alternative metal,[1] rap metal,[2] grunge,[2] funk metal,[2] heavy metal[3] |
| Cultural origins | Early 1990s, United States |
| Typical instruments | Electric guitar, bass, vocals, drums, samplers, turntables |
| Mainstream popularity | Late 1990s - early 2000's |
| Regional scenes | |
| California, United States | |
| Other topics | |
| List of bands | |
Nu metal (or nü metal[4] or aggro-metal[5][6]) is a subgenre [7] of heavy metal.[4][8][9][10] It is a fusion genre[9] which combines elements of heavy metal with other genres, including grunge and hip hop. The genre gained mainstream success in the late 1990s and early 2000s.
Contents |
Characteristics
Bands associated with nu metal derive influence from a variety of diverse styles, including electronica/electronic music,[2][11] funk,[2][9][11] glam rock,[2] gothic rock,[2] grunge,[12][9][5][11] hardcore punk,[2][5][11] hip hop,[2][9][5][11] industrial rock[2][5], jazz[2], post punk[11] and synthpop.[11] Also, nu metal derives influence from multiple subgenres of heavy metal including rap metal[2], funk metal[2] and thrash metal.[9][5]
The lyrics of many nu metal bands focus on pain and personal alienation rather than traditional heavy metal themes.[2][12] In many cases this is seen as a disadvantage of the genre; Q Magazine argues that "(it's) leading lights (focused on) abandonment issues they should have left behind on their first day of big school"; this impression is strengthened by the fact that many numetal bands have attempted to "mature," effectively abandoning the genre. Examples include Limp Bizkit's "Results May Vary", Linkin Park's "Minutes to Midnight" and upcoming "A Thousand Suns", and Papa Roach's "Getting Away with Murder", "The Paramour Sessions" and "Metamorphosis". It is worth noting, however, that Limp Bizkit appear to have returned to numetal after "Results May Vary".
Nu metal music is mostly syncopated and based on riffs.[4] Its lack of guitar solos and virtuousity contrasts it with other metal subgenres.[4] Another way in which nu metal is contrasted with other metal subgenres is its emphasis on rhythm.[9] Similarities with other heavy metal subgenres include its use of common time, distorted guitars, power chords and note structures primarily revolving around Dorian, Aeolian or Phrygian modes.[4]
Some nu metal bands use seven-string guitars over traditional six-string guitars.[2] 7-string guitars, which are sometimes downtuned[10] to increase heaviness, resulted in bass guitarists using five-string and six-string instruments.[2]
Some nu metal bands feature a DJ for additional rhythmic instrumentation (such as music sampling, scratching and electronic backgrounds). [2]
Nu metal fashion can include baggy shorts, body piercings and tattoos.[13][14]
History
In Nu-metal: The Next Generation of Rock & Punk, Joel McIver cites the bands Faith No More, Red Hot Chili Peppers, Beastie Boys, Nirvana and Jane's Addiction as setting up various musical characteristics which are prominent in the genre.[15] In Popular music genres: an introduction, Stuart Borthwick and Ron Moy identify Rage Against the Machine as an influence on nu metal.[16]
In 1994, Korn became the first band to be labeled as "nu metal".[17] Producer Ross Robinson has been cited as a key figure in shaping the genre.[15]
Many of the first nu metal bands came from California.[18]
Nu metal gained mainstream success through MTV and Ozzy Osbourne's 1995 introduction of Ozzfest, which led the media to talk of a resurgence of heavy metal.[19] Also, the 30th anniversary of Woodstock (Woodstock 99) featured nu metal bands.[20] Established artists such as Sepultura,[21] Slayer,[22] Vanilla Ice[23] and Machine Head[24] released albums which critics felt drew from the style.In Sound of the Beast: The Complete Headbanging History of Heavy Metal, Ian Christie wrote that the genre demonstrated that "pancultural metal could pay off."[25] However, some metal purists did not fully embrace the style.[25]
Decline in mainstream popularity
While a few bands averted this (System of a Down, Slipknot, Linkin Park, Korn, Disturbed), nu metal album sales declined and rotation of nu metal artists on rock radio began to diminish in the early 2000's. Several factors contributed to this, including oversaturation of the market, cannibalization of sounds and styles, and a negative stigma associated with the genre.[26]
References
- ↑ This new sound was more about grinding .... Korn, Marilyn Manson, and Limp Bizkit were the biggest stars of this new movement
- ↑ 2.00 2.01 2.02 2.03 2.04 2.05 2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.10 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16 McIver, Joel (2002). "How is nu-metal different from old metal?". Nu-metal: The Next Generation of Rock & Punk. Omnibus Press. pp. 12-13. ISBN 0711992096.
- ↑ Bowar, Chad. "Heavy Metal: More Metal Genres". About.com. The New York Times Company. http://heavymetal.about.com/od/heavymetal101/a/101_history_2.htm. Retrieved April 28, 2010.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Pieslak, Jonathan (2008). "Sound, text and identity in Korn’s ‘Hey Daddy’". Popular Music 27: 35-52. doi:10.1017/S0261143008001451. http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayFulltext?type=1&fid=1584104&jid=&volumeId=&issueId=01&aid=1584100&bodyId=&membershipNumber=&societyETOCSession=.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 "Genre: Alternative Metal". Allmusic. http://allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=77:2697. Retrieved 22 May 2010.
- ↑ Van Pelt, Doug (2004). "Static X". Rock Stars on God: 20 Artists Speak Their Mind about Faith. Relevant Media Group. p. 180. ISBN 0972927697.
- ↑ Wilson, Scott (2008). Great Satan's rage: American negativity and rap/metal in the age of supercapitalism. Manchester University Press. p. 119. ISBN 0719074630, 9780719074639. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=nF8YAQAAIAAJ&q=%22nu+metal%22+subgenre&dq=%22nu+metal%22+subgenre&hl=ko&ei=ZxDvS-S8O8TzOaXl0KMI&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=6&ved=0CD8Q6AEwBQ.
- ↑ Halnon, Karen Bettez (2006). "Heavy Metal Carnival and Dis-alienation: The Politics of Grotesque Realism". Symbolic Interaction 29 (1): 33-48. doi:10.1525/si.2006.29.1.33. http://caliber.ucpress.net/doi/abs/10.1525/si.2006.29.1.33.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 9.3 9.4 9.5 9.6 Tompkins, Joseph (2009). "What’s the Deal with Soundtrack Albums? Metal Music and the Customized Aesthetics of Contemporary Horror". Cinema Journal 49 (1). doi:10.1353/cj.0.0155. http://74.125.155.132/scholar?q=cache:vLzBfv9npncJ:scholar.google.com/&hl=en&as_sdt=2000&as_vis=1.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Robinson, Greg (2008). Ozzfest. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 10. ISBN 1404217568, 9781404217560. http://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=en&lr=lang_en.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 Iannini, Tommaso (2003). Nu Metal. Giunti. p. 12. ISBN 8809030516. http://books.google.com/books?id=ILAzJcugjDsC&pg=PA130&dq=rage+against+the+machine+nu+metal&lr=&cd=30#v=onepage&q=postpunk&f=false.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 Kahn-Harris, Keith (2007). "Introduction: From heavy metal to extreme metal". Extreme metal: music and culture on the edge. Berg Publishers. p. 1. ISBN 1845203992.
- ↑ Mulholland Garry (October 4, 2002). "Nu-metal gurus". The Independent (Independent Print Limited). http://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/numetal-gurus-613089.html. Retrieved April 29, 2010.
- ↑ Krovatin, Chris (February 26, 2010). "Final Six:The Six Best/Worst Things to Come out of Nu-Metal". Revolver (Future US, Inc.). http://www.revolvermag.com/features/post/final-six-the-six-best-worst-things-to-come-out-of-nu-metal/. Retrieved April 29, 2010.
- ↑ 15.0 15.1 McIver, Joel (2002). "It's their fault...the people who made it happen". Nu-metal: The Next Generation of Rock & Punk. Omnibus Press. pp. 16-23. ISBN 0711992096.
- ↑ Popular music genres: an introduction. Edinburgh University Press. 2004. p. 149. ISBN 0748617450, 9780748617456. http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=r4bmVbNSnk4C&pg=PA149&dq=%22nu+metal%22+subgenre&hl=ko&ei=_xHvS7oa0J846sCB7Ac&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=4&ved=0CC8Q6AEwAzgK#v=onepage&q=%22nu%20metal%22%20subgenre&f=false.
- ↑ McIver, Joel (2002). "How did we get to nu-metal from old metal?". Nu-metal: The Next Generation of Rock & Punk. Omnibus Press. pp. 10; 12. ISBN 0711992096.
- ↑ Iannini, Tommaso (2003). Nu Metal. Giunti. p. 11. ISBN 8809030516. http://books.google.com/books?id=ILAzJcugjDsC&pg=PA130&dq=rage+against+the+machine+nu+metal&lr=&cd=30#v=onepage&q=california&f=false.
- ↑ Christie. p. 324.
- ↑ http://www.allmusic.com/cg/amg.dll?p=amg&sql=10:wxfrxqlkldde~T1
- ↑ Thoroddsen, Arnar. "Roots". In Dimery, Robert. 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die. Quintet Publishing Limited. p. 782. ISBN 0789313715.
- ↑ Begrand, Adrien (2004-01-23). "The Devil in Music". PopMatters. http://www.popmatters.com/music/reviews/s/slayer-soundtrack.shtml. Retrieved 2007-05-29.
- ↑ Vontz, Andrew. Ice capades. Salon.com. http://dir.salon.com/story/ent/music/feature/2002/01/03/ice/index.html. Retrieved 2007-11-10.
- ↑ "Machine Head - Where to Start with - Kerrang". Kerrang!. http://www.kerrang.com/wheretostartwith/artists/machine_head. Retrieved 16 May 2010.
- ↑ 25.0 25.1 Christie, Ian (2003). "Virtual Ozzy & Metal's Digital Rebound". Sound of the Beast: The Complete Headbanging History of Heavy Metal. HarperCollins. p. 327; 329. ISBN 0380811278.
- ↑ D'angelo, Joe (2003-01-24). "Nu Metal Meltdown". MTV.com. http://www.mtv.com/bands/m/metal_meltdown/news_feature_030124/index.jhtml. Retrieved 2007-03-28.
External links
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Portal:Heavy metal